Debridement in chronic osteomyelitis with benign osteopetrosis: A case report.

Osteopetrosis is a rare bone disease caused by metabolic imbalances as a result of genetic mutations. For instance, autosomal dominant osteopetrosis is caused by a missense mutation of the C1CN7 gene. This was first reported in 1904 and is thought to be caused by osteoclastic dysfunction and an impaired bone resorption ability. An accumulation of cortical bone mass during the remodeling of the medullary bone may increase the bone density and give rise to a hard marble consistency. Osteopetrosis can be divided into benign and malignant forms; however, no curative treatment exists for benign osteopetrosis. The management of complications, such as chronic osteomyelitis and fractures, serves a key role in influencing the patient survival rates. Previous studies have demonstrated that a combined treatment of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) lavage for debridement of the necrotic region and high-dose systemic antibiotics may be effective in the management of osteopetrosis. The present study reported a case of chronic mandible osteomyelitis and fistula occurring in association with maxillary sinusitis, who was successfully treated by through nasal endoscopy, using repeated flushing and cleaning every 2 weeks as a form of debridement, in the absence of high-dose antibiotics and HBO.

Dietary restriction suppresses tumor growth, reduces angiogenesis, and improves tumor microenvironment in human non-small-cell lung cancer xenografts.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide; however, only limited therapeutic treatments are available. The aim of present study was to elucidate the therapeutic effect of dietary restriction in human NSCLC xenografts. Adult female nude mice were injected subcutaneously in the right dorsal flank with NSCLC cell line A549 cells. 5 days after tumor implantation, animals were randomly divided into ad libitum-fed group (AL, 95% of average diary intake) or dietary-restriction-fed group (DR, 70% average diary intake). 24 days after implantation, it was found that DR inhibited tumor growth marked by lower tumor volume and weight. DR suppressed tumor proliferation marked by reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. DR decreased microvessel density marked by decreased CD31 immunostaining and promoted vessel maturation marked by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and reduced Factor VIII expression. DR reduced intratumoral interstitial fluid pressure and attenuated tumor hypoxia detected by EF5 immunostaining. In addition, DR suppressed NFκB signaling pathway and downregulated its downstream proteins expression including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). DR suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, dietary restriction suppresses tumor growth, reduces angiogenesis, and improves tumor microenvironment in human non-small-cell lung cancer xenografts. Dietary restriction could thus be envisaged as a nutritional countermeasure against non-small-cell lung cancer.